Ticagrelor Impurity 15

Ticagrelor
CAT #: T00138
CAS #: 274693-27-5
M.F .: C23H28F2N6O4S
M.W .: 522.57

Ticagrelor Impurity A
CAT #: T00139
CAS #: 2096989-55-6
M.F .: C23H28F2N6O4S
M.W .: 522.57

Ticagrelor Imp.B
CAT #: T00140
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C23H28F2N6O4S
M.W .: 522.57

Ticagrelor Imp.C
CAT #: T00141
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C23H28F2N6O4S
M.W .: 522.57

Ticagrelor Imp.D
CAT #: T00142
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C26H32F2N6O4S
M.W .: 562.63

Ticagrelor Impurity F
CAT #: T00144
CAS #: 1616703-93-5
M.F .: C25H30F2N6O5S
M.W .: 564.62

Ticagrelor Imp.G
CAT #: T00145
CAS #: 220347-05-7
M.F .: C21H24F2N6O3S
M.W .: 478.52

Ticagrelor Imp.H
CAT #: T00146
CAS #: 1251765-07-7
M.F .: C14H22N6O4S
M.W .: 370.43

Ticagrelor Imp.J
CAT #: T00148
CAS #: 2248538-63-6
M.F .: C14H20ClN5O4S
M.W .: 389.86

Ticagrelor Imp.K
CAT #: T00149
CAS #: 1402150-32-6
M.F .: C14H23ClN4O4S
M.W .: 378.87

Ticagrelor Imp.L
CAT #: T00150
CAS #: 1644461-85-7
M.F .: C23H28F2N6O5S
M.W .: 538.57

Ticagrelor Imp.M
CAT #: T00151
CAS #: 274693-39-9
M.F .: C23H28F2N6O6S
M.W .: 554.57

Ticagrelor Impurity N
CAT #: T00152
CAS #: 1643378-47-5
M.F .: C23H29FN6O4S
M.W .: 504.58

Ticagrelor Impurity 1
CAT #: T00369
CAS #: 376608-75-2
M.F .: C17H24ClN5O4S
M.W .: 429.92

Ticagrelor Impurity 2
CAT #: T00370
CAS #: 1456538-51-4
M.F .: C17H25N5O5S
M.W .: 411.48

Ticagrelor Intermediate 1
CAT #: T00733
CAS #: 2165881-71-8
M.F .: C10H19NO4
M.W .: 217.26

Ticagrelor Impurity 87 HCl
CAT #: T12780
CAS #: 1345413-20-8（free base）
M.F .: C9H9F2N HCl
M.W .: 169.17 36.46

Ticagrelor Intermediate 4
CAT #: T00736
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C12H21NO5
M.W .: 259.14

Ticagrelor Intermediate 5
CAT #: T00737
CAS #: 220352-36-3
M.F .: C10H8F2O2
M.W .: 198.17

Ticagrelor Intermediate 6
CAT #: T00738
CAS #: 220349-80-4
M.F .: C9H10FN
M.W .: 151.18

Ticagrelor impurity 3
CAT #: T00739
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C23H28F2N6O4S+C23H28F2N6O4S
M.W .: 522.57+522.57

Ticagrelor Impurity 30 (Mixture of Diastereomers)
CAT #: T00740
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C23H28F2N6O4S
M.W .: 522.57+522.57

Ticagrelor Impurity P
CAT #: T00748
CAS #: 376608-71-8
M.F .: C9H9F2N C8H8O3
M.W .: 169.17 152.15

Ticagrelor Related Compound 1
CAT #: T32545
CAS #: 155899-66-4
M.F .: C8H15NO3
M.W .: 173.21

Ticagrelor Related Compound 2
CAT #: T32546
CAS #: 592533-90-9
M.F .: C8H15NO3
M.W .: 173.21

Ticagrelor Related Compound 3 ((+/-)-6-Aminotetrahydro-2,2-Dimethyl-4H-Cyclopenta-1.3-dioxol-4-ol)
CAT #: T32547
CAS #: 88756-83-6
M.F .: C8H15NO3
M.W .: 173.21

Ticagrelor Related Compound 4 (6-Aminotetrahydro-2,2-Dimethyl-4H-Cyclopenta-1.3-dioxol-4-ol)
CAT #: T32548
CAS #: 1446475-48-4
M.F .: C8H15NO3
M.W .: 173.21

Ticagrelor Impurity 99
CAT #: T32549
CAS #: 1414348-35-8
M.F .: C9H9F2N
M.W .: 169.18

Ticagrelor Related Compound 7 (rac-2-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)cyclopropanamine)
CAT #: T32551
CAS #: 63312-86-4
M.F .: C9H9F2N
M.W .: 169.18

Ticagrelor Related Compound 8
CAT #: T32552
CAS #: 378236-67-0
M.F .: C10H7F2N3O
M.W .: 223.18

Ticagrelor Related Compound 9
CAT #: T32553
CAS #: 2056269-94-2
M.F .: C23H28F2N6O4S
M.W .: 522.58

Ticagrelor Related Compound 10
CAT #: T32554
CAS #: NA
M.F .: C23H28F2N6O4S
M.W .: 522.58

Ticagrelor Related Compound 11
CAT #: T32555
CAS #: 1459719-81-3
M.F .: C9H9F2N
M.W .: 169.18

Ticagrelor Related Compound 12
CAT #: T32556
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C26H32F2N6O4S
M.W .: 562.64

Ticagrelor Related Compound 13
CAT #: T32557
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C23H28F2N6O4S
M.W .: 522.58

Ticagrelor Related Compound 14
CAT #: T32558
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C23H28F2N6O4S
M.W .: 522.58

Ticagrelor Related Compound 15
CAT #: T32559
CAS #: 1644461-81-3
M.F .: C20H22F2N6O5
M.W .: 464.43

AR-C124910XX-O-Glucuronide
CAT #: T32560
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C27H32F2N6O9S
M.W .: 654.65

AR-C124910XX-N-Glucuronide
CAT #: T32561
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C27H32F2N6O9S
M.W .: 654.65

Ticagrelor O-Glucuronide
CAT #: T32562
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C29H36F2N6O10S
M.W .: 698.71

Ticagrelor N-Glucuronide
CAT #: T32563
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C29H36F2N6O10S
M.W .: 698.71

Ticagrelor Related Compound 16
CAT #: T32564
CAS #: 2096989-56-7
M.F .: C23H28F2N6O4S
M.W .: 522.58

Ticagrelor Related Compound 17
CAT #: T32565
CAS #: 376608-74-1
M.F .: C17H27ClN4O4S
M.W .: 418.95

Ticagrelor Related Compound 18
CAT #: T32566
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C30H35ClF2N8O5S2
M.W .: 725.24

Ticagrelor Related Compound 19
CAT #: T01697
CAS #: 2378409-07-3
M.F .: C9H14ClN3O2S
M.W .: 263.75

Ticagrelor Related Compound 20
CAT #: T32568
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C16H22Cl2N6O2S2
M.W .: 465.43

Ticagrelor Impurity 20
CAT #: T32569
CAS #: 2512210-21-6
M.F .: C7H10ClN3OS
M.W .: 219.69

Ticagrelor Related Compound 26
CAT #: T32570
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C7H15NO4
M.W .: 177.20

Ticagrelor Related Compound 25
CAT #: T32571
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C7H15NO4
M.W .: 177.20

Ticagrelor Related Compound 24
CAT #: T32572
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C7H15NO4
M.W .: 177.20

Ticagrelor Related Compound 23
CAT #: T32573
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C7H15NO4
M.W .: 177.20

Ticagrelor Related Compound 22
CAT #: T32574
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C7H15NO4
M.W .: 177.20

Ticagrelor Related Compound 27
CAT #: T32575
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C10H19NO4
M.W .: 217.27

Ticagrelor Related Compound 44
CAT #: T32576
CAS #: 1431867-40-1
M.F .: C8H12ClN3OS
M.W .: 233.72

Ticagrelor Impurity 11
CAT #: T32578
CAS #: 1265919-24-1
M.F .: C12H21NO5
M.W .: 259.30

Ticagrelor Related Compound 31 HCl
CAT #: T32580
CAS #: 1402222-66-5/1156491-10-9
M.F .: C9H9F2N. HCl
M.W .: 169.18 36.46

Ticagrelor Related Compound 32 (DP1)
CAT #: T32581
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C14H24N4O4S
M.W .: 344.44

Ticagrelor Related Compound 33 (DP4)
CAT #: T32582
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C23H28F2N6O5S
M.W .: 538.58

Ticagrelor Related Compound 34 (DP6)
CAT #: T32583
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C23H26F2N6O5S
M.W .: 536.56

Ticagrelor Related Compound 35 (DP7)
CAT #: T32584
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C23H28F2N6O4S
M.W .: 522.58

Ticagrelor Related Compound 36 (DP8)
CAT #: T32585
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C23H28F2N6O4S
M.W .: 522.58

Ticagrelor Related Compound 37 (DP9)
CAT #: T32586
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C23H28F2N6O4S
M.W .: 522.58

Ticagrelor Related Compound 39
CAT #: T32588
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C25H37Cl2N6O4S2
M.W .: 620.65

Ticagrelor Related Compound 40
CAT #: T32589
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C27H45N5O8S
M.W .: 599.75

Ticagrelor Related Compound 42
CAT #: T32591
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C9H10FN . HCl
M.W .: 151.19 36.46

Ticagrelor Related Compound 43
CAT #: T32592
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C9H10ClN . HCl
M.W .: 167.64 36.46

Ticagrelor Related Compound 46
CAT #: T32594
CAS #: 2205903-73-5
M.F .: C28H42ClN9O8S2
M.W .: 732.28

Ticagrelor Related Compound 49
CAT #: T32595
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C20H27NO7
M.W .: 393.44

Ticagrelor Imp.I
CAT #: T05001
CAS #: 1445580-43-7
M.F .: C14H21N5O5S
M.W .: 371.42

Ticagrelor Related Compound 48
CAT #: T32597
CAS #: 274693-26-4
M.F .: C26H32F2N6O4S
M.W .: 562.64

Ticagrelor Impurity G-D7
CAT #: T32598
CAS #: 220347-05-7 (non-d)
M.F .: C21H17F2N6O3SD7
M.W .: 485.57

Ticagrelor Related Compound 50
CAT #: T32599
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C17H28N4O5S
M.W .: 400.50

Ticagrelor Related Compound 51
CAT #: T32600
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C17H25N5O5S
M.W .: 411.48

Ticagrelor Related Compound 52
CAT #: T32601
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C17H25ClN4O6S
M.W .: 448.93

Ticagrelor Related Compound 53
CAT #: T32602
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C24H32Cl2N8O4S2
M.W .: 631.61

Ticagrelor Related Compound 55
CAT #: T32604
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C20H31ClN3O5S
M.W .: 461.00

Ticagrelor Related Compound 56
CAT #: T32605
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C28H34F2N6O5S
M.W .: 604.68

Ticagrelor Related Compound 57
CAT #: T32606
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C14H23ClN4O4S
M.W .: 378.88

Ticagrelor Related Compound 58
CAT #: T32607
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C34H50ClN9O8S2
M.W .: 812.41

Ticagrelor Related Compound 60
CAT #: T32609
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C17H26N6O4S
M.W .: 410.50

Ticagrelor Impurity 61
CAT #: T32610
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C26H33F2N5O6S
M.W .: 581.64

Ticagrelor Related Compound 62
CAT #: T02428
CAS
M.F .: C7H9Cl2N3O2S
M.W .: 270.13

Ticagrelor Related Compound 63 HCl
CAT #: T32612
CAS #: 1314324-00-9
M.F .: C9H10FN HCl
M.W .: 151.19 36.46

Ticagrelor Related Compound 64
CAT #: T32613
CAS #: 220353-83-3
M.F .: C9H10FN
M.W .: 151.19

Ticagrelor Related Compound 65
CAT #: T32614
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C21H34N6O8S
M.W .: 530.60

Ticagrelor Related Compound 67
CAT #: T32616
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C24H30F2N6O4S
M.W .: 536.61

Ticagrelor Related Compound 68
CAT #: T32617
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C10H19NO4
M.W .: 217.27

Ticagrelor Impurity 5
CAT #: T01072
CAS #: N/A
M.F .: C16H21NO5
M.W .: 307.34

Ticagrelor Impurity 6
CAT #: T01073
CAS #: 866551-95-3
M.F .: C20H27NO7
M.W .: 393.43

Ticagrelor Impurity E
CAT #: T04999
CAS #: 1788033-05-5
M.F .: C23H28F2N6O4S
M.W .: 522.57

Ticagrelor impurity J
CAT #: T05004
CAS
M.F : C23H28F2N6O4S
M.W : 522.57

Ticagrelor Impurity Q
CAT #: T29532
CAS #: 2205903-74-6
M.F : C27H42N6O8S
M.W : 610.73

Ticagrelor Impurity L-I
CAT #: T05003
CAS #: N/A
M.F : C23H28F2N6O5S+C23H28F2N6O5S
M.W : 538.57+538.57

Ticagrelor Impurity Ⅲ
CAT #: T02990
CAS #: N/A
M.F : C24H31FN6O4S2
M.W : 550.67

Ticagrelor Impurity 45
CAT #: T11891
CAS #: 1006376-60-8
M.F : C8H7ClF2O
M.W : 192.59

Ticagrelor Related Compound 64 HCl
CAT #: T11896
CAS #: 220353-83-3（free base）
M.F : C9H10FN HCl
M.W : 151.19 36.46

Ticagrelor Deacetoxy Impurity
CAT #: T02349
CAS #: N/A
M.F : C21H24F2N6O3S
M.W : 478.52

Ticagrelor Impurity R
CAT #: T05008
CAS #: N/A
M.F : C23H28F2N6O4S+C23H28F2N6O4S
M.W : 522.57+522.57

Ticagrelor Impurity C5IM1
CAT #: T01695
CAS #: N/A
M.F : C8H16N2O2
M.W : 172.23

Ticagrelor Related Compound 1（rac-tartaric acid dibenzoate）
CAT #: T01981
CAS #: 155899-66-4（free base）
M.F : C8H15NO3 C18H14O8
M.W : 173.21 358.30

Ticagrelor Related Compound 11 HCl
CAT #: T02443
CAS #: 1459719-81-3（free base）
M.F : C9H9F2N HCl
M.W : 169.17 36.46

Ticagrelor Intermediate 1 D-Tartrate
CAT #: T02444
CAS #: 2376278-72-5
M.F : C10H19NO4. C4H6O6
M.W : 217.27 150.09

Ticagrelor Impurity 27
CAT #: T02781
CAS #: N/A
M.F : C17H24ClN5O4S
M.W : 429.92

Ticagrelor Related Compound 70
CAT #: T02970
CAS #: 145783-14-8
M.F : C7H7Cl2N3O2S
M.W : 268.11

Ticagrelor Related Compound 69
CAT #: T02971
CAS #: 145783-13-7
M.F : C7H9N3O4S
M.W : 231.23

Ticagrelor Impurity 66
CAT #: T03602
CAS #: N/A
M.F : C22H27FN6O3S2
M.W : 506.62

Ticagrelor Impurity 71
CAT #: T03605
CAS #: N/A
M.F : C26H32F2N6O4S
M.W : 562.64

Ticagrelor Impurity 72
CAT #: T03608
CAS #: 1402150-11-1
M.F : C24H28F2N6O5S
M.W : 550.58

Ticagrelor Related Compound 38（L-Tartaric acid）
CAT #: T04997
CAS #: 376608-65-0
M.F : C10H19NO4 C4H6O6
M.W : 217.26 150.09

Ticagrelor Impurity O
CAT #: T05009
CAS #: N/A
M.F : C17H27ClN4O4S
M.W : 418.94

Ticagrelor Impurity 73 HCl
CAT #: T05442
CAS #: N/A
M.F : C7H11N3O2S HCl
M.W : 201.24 36.46

Ticagrelor Related Compound 21 HCl
CAT #: T05443
CAS #: N/A
M.F : C7H10ClN3OS HCl
M.W : 219.69 36.46

Ticagrelor Related Compound 54
CAT #: T05444
CAS #: 1401318-10-2
M.F : C7H8Cl2N2S
M.W : 223.12

Ticagrelor Impurity 74
CAT #: T05445
CAS #: N/A
M.F : C7H10N2O2S
M.W : 186.23

Ticagrelor Impurity 75
CAT #: T05446
CAS #: N/A
M.F : C7H9ClN2OS
M.W : 204.67

Ticagrelor Impurity 76
CAT #: T05447
CAS #: 946855-76-1
M.F : C13H14N4O2S
M.W : 290.34

Ticagrelor Impurity 77
CAT #: T05927
CAS #: 54460-95-6
M.F : C7H10N2OS
M.W : 170.23

Ticagrelor Impurity 78
CAT #: T05928
CAS #: 1351990-36-7
M.F : C7H9ClN2S
M.W : 188.68

Ticagrelor Impurity 73
CAT #: T06037
CAS #: N/A
M.F : C7H11N3O2S
M.W : 201.24

Ticagrelor Impurity 79 HCl
CAT #: T10087
CAS #: 1990505-73-1
M.F : C9H10FN HCl
M.W : 151.18 36.46

Ticagrelor Impurity 80 HCl
CAT #: T10088
CAS #: 2227766-79-0（free base）
M.F : C9H9ClFN HCl
M.W : 185.63 36.46

Ticagrelor Impurity 81（L-Tartaric acid）
CAT #: T10444
CAS #: 2376278-68-9
M.F : C10H19NO4 C4H6O6
M.W : 217.27 150.09

Ticagrelor Monofluorophosphate Impurity
CAT #: T10774
CAS #: 2170791-75-8
M.F : C26H33FN6O4S
M.W : 544.65

Ticagrelor Related Compound 82(Mixture of 5 and 11)
CAT #: T10816
CAS #: 1414348-35-8+1459719-81-3
M.F : C9H9F2N+C9H9F2N
M.W : 169.18+169.18

Ticagrelor Impurity 83
CAT #: T11091
CAS #: 274693-54-8
M.F : C18H25NO6
M.W : 351.4

Ticagrelor Impurity 84
CAT #: T11096
CAS #: 1628340-73-7
M.F : C19H26ClN5O5S
M.W : 471.96

Ticagrelor Impurity 85
CAT #: T11097
CAS #: 1628340-74-8
M.F .: C28H34F2N6O5S
M.W .: 604.67

Ticagrelor Impurity 86
CAT #: T06145
CAS #: 145783-15-9
M.F : C7H9Cl2N3S
M.W : 238.13

Ticagrelor Impurity 87 Mandelic acid
CAT #: T00734
CAS #: 1345413-20-8（free base）
M.F : C9H9F2N C8H8O3
M.W : 169.17 152.15

Ticagrelor Impurity 88
CAT #: T12845
CAS #: 1006376-62-0
M.F : C10H9F2NO
M.W : 197.18

Ticagrelor Related Compound 29（L-Tartaric acid）
CAT #: T13005
CAS #: 1265919-24-1（free base）
M.F : C12H21NO5 C4H6O6
M.W : 259.30 150.09

Ticagrelor Related Compound 89
CAT #: T13218
CAS #: NA
M.F : C23H28F2N6O5S+C23H28F2N6O5S
M.W : 538.57+538.57

Ticagrelor Impurity 89
CAT #: T13937
CAS #: NA
M.F : C17H27ClN4O5S
M.W : 434.94

Nintedanib Impurity 36
CAT #: N04097
CAS #: NA
M.F : C24H24N2O4
M.W : 404.47

Ticagrelor Impurity 91
CAT #: T17007
CAS #: 2417326-48-6
M.F : C23H28F2N6O5S
M.W : 538.57

Ticagrelor Impurity 92
CAT #: T17582
CAS #: 1548397-10-9
M.F : C7H8ClN3O3S
M.W : 249.67

Ticagrelor Impurity 93
CAT #: T17583
CAS #: 2518048-22-9
M.F : C7H10ClN3S
M.W : 203.69

Ticagrelor Impurity 94
CAT #: T17908
CAS #: NA
M.F : C23H31F2N5O4S
M.W : 511.59

Ticagrelor Impurity 95 HCl
CAT #: T17924
CAS #: NA
M.F : C9H9F2N HCl+C9H9F2N HCl
M.W : 169.17 36.46+169.17 36.46

Ticagrelor Impurity 96
CAT #: T17955
CAS #: 1006376-63-1
M.F : C8H6F2O
M.W : 156.13

Ticagrelor Impurity 97
CAT #: T18034
CAS #: 1354945-69-9
M.F : C17H26N6O4S
M.W : 410.49

Capecitabine EP Impurity C
CAT #: C04781
CAS #: 161599-46-8
M.F : C13H16FN3O6
M.W : 329.28

Ticagrelor Impurity 98
CAT #: T19230
CAS #: 2434627-73-1
M.F : C23H28F2N6O4S
M.W : 522.57

Ticagrelor Impurity 4
CAT #: T19343
CAS #: 3721-26-4
M.F : C9H11N
M.W : 133.19

Ticagrelor Impurity 7
CAT #: T19344
CAS #: 131844-33-2
M.F : C9H10FN
M.W : 151.18

Ticagrelor Impurity 9
CAT #: T19345
CAS #: 705250-95-9
M.F : C9H9F2N
M.W : 169.17

Ticagrelor Impurity 10
CAT #: T19346
CAS #: 1808068-80-5
M.F : C9H9F2N
M.W : 169.17

Ticagrelor Impurity 12
CAT #: T19347
CAS #: 1415905-52-0
M.F : C9H9F2N
M.W : 169.17

Ticagrelor Impurity 13
CAT #: T19348
CAS #: 1643413-83-5
M.F : C9H9F2N
M.W : 169.17

Ticagrelor Impurity 14
CAT #: T19349
CAS #: 1427524-53-5
M.F : C9H9F2N
M.W : 169.17

Ticagrelor Impurity 15
CAT #: T19350
CAS #: 1816939-47-5
M.F : C10H19NO4
M.W : 217.27

Ticagrelor Impurity 16
CAT #: T19351
CAS #: 2376278-67-8
M.F : C10H19NO4
M.W : 217.27

Ticagrelor Impurity 17
CAT #: T19352
CAS #: 2376278-69-0
M.F : C10H19NO4
M.W : 217.27

Ticagrelor Impurity 18
CAT #: T19353
CAS #: 2703957-62-2
M.F : C10H19NO4
M.W : 217.27

Ticagrelor Impurity 19
CAT #: T19354
CAS #: 2724654-42-4
M.F : C10H19NO4
M.W : 217.27

Ticagrelor Impurity 46
CAT #: T19717
CAS #: 1823431-32-8
M.F : C7H9Cl2N3OS
M.W : 254.13

Ilaprazole Impurity 25
CAT #: I03693
CAS #: NA
M.F : C18H12N4OS
M.W : 332.38

Ticagrelor Impurity 90
CAT #: T04671
CAS #: N/A
M.F : C23H27F2N7O5S
M.W : 551.57

Ticagrelor Impurity 100
CAT #: T42632
CAS #: 946855-77-2
M.F : C13H12Cl2N4S
M.W : 327.23

CAT#:	T19350
Product Name:	Ticagrelor Impurity 15
Synonyms:	2-(((3aR,4R,6S,6aS)-6-amino-2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-4H-cyclopenta[d][1,3]dioxol-4-yl)oxy)ethan-1-ol
M.F:	C10H19NO4
M.W:	217.27
CAS#:	1816939-47-5
Specification:	10mg/vial